According to Dr. Atala director of the said institute, they started out by taking a typical desktop inkjet cartridge using cells inside of the ink and placed it into the cartridge. They say that similar technology can be used in the future for the treatment wounded soldiers. The device could be used to rebuild damaged or burned skin. This project is preclinical phases, and it will take five years to develop before it is ready to be used on human burn victim.

School universities like Cornell University, The Medical University of South Carolina and Charleston are also working on similar projects, and they were amidst the speakers on Sunday at the American Association for the Advancement of the science conference in Washington, Skin Printing.

The above mentioned Universities say that organs, not just skin, could be printed using similar techniques.

Armed Forces Institute of Regenerate Medicine stated that Statistics show 5% to 20% related burn injuries could be treated. The skin printing project is one of the several projects at Wake Forest.

One of the branches is U.S Department of Defense Wake Forest will receive approximately $50 million from the Defense Department over the next five years, including the skin creating systems. Researchers developed the skin “bio-printer” by modifying a standard store-bought printer; a three dimensional elevator that builds on damaged tissue with fresh layers of healthy skin.

The process involves several steps, first a small piece of skin taken out of the patient using a chemical solution. It will be about half the size of a postage stamp. Cells are then separated, replicated and voluntarily duplicated in their own environment. Catalyzes of the said cells expand in large quantities once a new cell is produced. The next step is to put cells in a cartridge of a printer and print it on the patient. According to Alata, the printer will be placed over the wound at a distance so that it will not touch the wound of the victim.

Flat bed scanners are used to print cells on the patient’s body. After the new cells have been applied it matures and forms a new skin. Amazing isn’t it?

A Bio printer, with pressurized nozzle is used to assure safe distance between the printer and the patient. It can also be used to accommodate a variety of body types. Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine 2010 stated in their report that the device can generate healthy skin in about minutes to a few hours depending on the size and type of burned (wound). Building up the cells’ layer after layer is a complex process. Dr .Atala claims that an adequate sample from victims with extensive large burns is needed to be able to grow new cells, and thereafter to place it in the cartridge of a printer.

The emergence of a skin printer is innovative in its nature. Once the skin printing device meets federal regulations and is approved. It will benefit the military soldiers and the general population as a whole.

The director of the United States of America Army Medical Material Development Activity hope that the services will, soon, be available to both soldiers and civilians.

In the meantime, researchers said they are pleased with the results of preliminary laboratory testing of skin printer. Dr. Atala also acknowledged that the scientists have been able to develop healthy skin.

Source: CNN

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The researchers already have forecasted further fatalities and diseases caused by natural tragedies, changes in environmental temperature and the spreading of tropical diseases like malaria.

However, there are other less apparent dangers that will, more or less, take place when a shift in temperature alters the ocean’s ecosystem and fresh water conditions in the future, as experts reported at a meeting for American Association for the Advancement of Science, held in Washington, DC.

Oceans and Human Health Initiative of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration supported a number of the researchers whose mission was to determine and control the unseen health dangers that global warming may bring.

1. More Seafood May Be Contaminated by Toxic Algae

There may be more incidences of one kind of “red tide algae”, particularly in the Puget Sound region in North America, explained by Stephanie Moore of NOAA’s West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health. This is the kind of blooms that cause dead zones in the ocean.

This type of algae specie is called Alexandrium catenella, which produces toxins that can build up in the seafood and when ingested may bring about a series of physiological reaction from vomiting to paralysis of the muscles, or in exceptional situations, even death of a person.

At the University of Washington, Moore and her contemporaries have generated specific computer models to demonstrate future weather and ocean behaviour. The team was able to establish the conditions of the environment suitable for algae growth, with emphasis on the temperature of the ocean. By predicting the rise in the water temperature, for instance, the computer model was able to estimate how global warming would impact the growth patterns of algae in the later years.
According to Moore, aside from the increased prevalence of toxic bloom between the months of July and October, they also found out that the bloom season will also extend.

She continued to expound by saying that they could observe these algae blooms to start as early as two months in the year in comparison to what they observed in the past. There is also the possibility of continuing on for another month later in a year’s time.

As the temperature continues to climb, some algae species used to the warmer water may also flourish into what used to be the cooler ocean region. Some areas may become ideal for such algae since the warmer water temperature may be too much for these tiny plants.

Also, some toxic blooms may not even thrive in the peak of summertime, Moore stated. Instead of just one bloom season which starts later in the summer and ends in early fall, it is possible for these algae to create two bloom seasons: one in spring and the other in the late fall.

Because of this development, shellfish fisheries could temporarily be put on hold for health reasons and, in general, cause more issues for the ones responsible in maintaining safe food supply for human consumption.

Moore explained that if a particular contaminant is not being tested since there was no occurrence in that certain area or that period. Then there is a likelihood that contaminated seafood will pervasively spread to everyone.

She declared that this situation demands the public to be more cautious of what they will eat. The research aims at achieving better insights on the kind of blooms that may come about and affect our overall health.

2. There May be an Outbreak of Harmful Ocean Bacteria

Several models of global warming reveal that climate will intensify causing dry regions to get drier while wet regions to even become wetter.

Having this kind of change would trigger desertification and increase the concentration of dust being produced in the atmosphere from countries like western Africa.

The dust being produced would land in the ocean which scientists have found to encourage the flourishing of harmful bacteria, which may contaminate seafood.

To illustrate an example, Erin Lipp and Jason Westrich, a graduate student, both from the University of Georgia, discovered that the rapid increase of Vibrio, a type of ocean bacteria, was caused by Moroccan desert dust. If the microbe- infested water or seafood is ingested, gastrointestinal illness and other infectious diseases like cholera can occur.

In their experiment, the researchers collected Morocco desert dust and mixed it with the sea water obtained from Florida Keys. The bacteria Vibrio production multiplied from ten to thousands within a 24 hour timeframe.

Westrich claimed that the team found that the cause of the growth stimulation was the iron in the dust.

For many living creatures, iron is a necessary component for survival. However, this element is not exactly abundant in the ocean waters, which is why, as part of the global warming solution – although considered controversial, is to deposit iron into the sea to foster the proliferation of carbon-dioxide consuming plankton.

Seafood borne-illnesses, based from the statistics, likewise, revealed that poisoning from Vibrio in the US has increased to 85% starting 1996.

Both Lipp and Westrich would further investigate if the iron found coming from desert dust is responsible for these illnesses.

Lipp concluded that in the immediate future, efforts are being made to get more information on what transpires in the ocean when big dust events occur.

3. Drinking Water may be Contaminated by Sewage Overflow

Sandra McLellan, from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, has illustrated how increased rainfall due to climate change would affect her state and a number of already strained sewer systems located near Great lakes, with the use of modelling.

Wisconsin is already experiencing urban expansion and with its growth comes the consequence of several sewer systems going beyond its capacity. When severe rain storms strike, there is a high chance of sewer systems spilling over into the lakes which could contaminate the drinking-water supplies with disease-causing bacteria and viruses.

What would cause for the sewer to overflow is only 1.7 inches (4.3 centimeters) of rain within 24 hours, and this usually happens in Milwaukee for about three times each year but even more frequently in other cities in the Great Lakes region.

Climate models forecasted that there is a likelihood of spring rains to increase over the next half century in Wisconsin, thus raising the amount of stormwater over spilling into the lakes for about, worst-case, 20%, McLellan asserted. Although this analysis was localized only to Milwaukee, this model may provide as reference to other cities surrounding Great Lakes and even farther, she stated.

McLellan stated that climate change is not, per se, giving rise to a new predicament. They are already dealing with the issue of overflows from a combined sewage system. Although there are efforts to reduce this situation, development and climate change may be one step ahead of them.

Source: National Geographic

Anti Aging, Health And Aging

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A dermatologist from Miami, Dr. Karen Kade provides some hints how people can prevent skin-aging despite the exposure of changing weathers. She says that our skin usually gets dried during the winter. It is thus essential to apply moisture-creams on our skin. In addition, some medicines can equally cause skin dryness. Dr. Kade suggests that those medicines should be used less frequently during winters.

In the winter, some tips to avoid dryness have been provided by Dr. Kade. After a shower, one should preferable pat the towel against the skin and not rub it. This is especially crucial in cold and dry weathers. According to Dr. Kade roughly 20 percent of the population suffers from minor skin irritation caused by rubbing of the towel (called ‘keratosis pilaris). In addition, moistures having lactic acids or alpha hydroxyl acids should preferable be applied to our skin.

According to Dr. Kade, it isn’t necessary to spend much money on specialised anti-wrinkle creams. The best way to address dry skin is to use moisturizers with sunscreen. An efficient product is Neutrogena with Helioplex. Simple creams having sunscreens, protects the smoothness and texture of the skin against dry and sunny weathers.

Five products that Dr. Kade recommends at the Drug Store:

1. Antioxidants

Conducive intake of antioxidants prevents oxidation to cells. Antioxidants prevent damages generated by air pollution, sunlight and smokes. Antioxidants can be considered as a protecting coat that prevents our skin from rusting and tarnishing. Antioxidants aren’t usually present in moisture creams so it is appropriate purchase them separately. Foods such as berries contain a high concentration of antioxidants.

2. Vitamin A

Vitamin A and Retinol have proven to retard or even counteract against wrinkles. In most anti-aging creams, there is a high concentration of vitamin A and Retinol.

3. Peptides

There is a biologically active compound known as Peptides. The substance increases the production of collage, which is an essential protein for our skin. Young people have a rich density of collagen, and that explains the tightness and firmness of their skin.

4. Safeguard one from UVB and UVA Rays

UVB rays cause sunburns. However, the exposure to UVA is what really induces skin aging. These rays are hard to escape; they penetrate through car windows and even glass. This is why it is fundamental to use sunscreen protection for both UVB and UVA rays.

5. Alpha Hydroxy Acids

In this category, we can find lactic acid (found in coconut oil), salicylic acid and glycolic acid. Dr. Kade says that these acids exfoliate on the upper layer of our skin. In other words, it induces smoother complexion and fills small pore. She says that alpha hydroxyl acids act similar to reversing the peeling of onion layers.

Source: Learnvest

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The body’s innate immune system protects our body from infections that can be derived from viruses, bacteria and inflammation. If we are not protected against invasive infections than it can lead to chronic illnesses like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis and cancer. The presence of the ‘master regulatory of the body’s innate immune response is a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). It provides signals as an indication in case of infections or injury. The genes are then activated to exterminate the microbial and/or inflammation.

The research was led by Michal Karin, who is a PhD, Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology at UC San Diego. Laboratory mice were used in order to evaluate genetic pathways that inhibited the activation of NF-κB. Normally mice having NF-κB-deficiency would be highly vulnerable to bacterial infections. However, the team found a counter-expected phenomenon. The mice having NF-κB-deficiency was able to cure skin infection faster than contemporary mice.

Karin says that the inhibition of NF-κB lead to the production of an immune-activating molecule called interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The presence of this molecule stimulated the bone marrow to generate a larger volume of white blood cells called neutrophils. The neutrophils are known to be the prime-protecting defenders against infection. They have the ability to kill bacteria with the production of different natural antibiotic proteases and enzymes.

The study reveals that our innate immune system has two ways to fight invasive bacterial infection. In case, there is a shortage of NF-κB then as a back-up cure IL-1β is generated in the immune system.

Victor Nizet, MD, professor of paediatrics and pharmacy, says that the research provides insight how the body’s backup system work when dealing with bacterial clearance. He said that there are several bacteria that inhibit the activation of NF-κB and in those circumstances IL-1β signalling enters the body shield.

However, it seems to be only a short-term defence mechanism against infections. It was seen that NF-κB-deficient mice experienced an increase volume of neutrophil but at a significant cost. After several weeks the release of these immune cells (neutrophil) caused augmenting inflammation to the animals’ organs. The ultimate outcome was early death. This means that if NF-κB signalling is suppressed for a long time, there is a high risk that neutrophil release will cause premature death.

NF-κB suppression and release have been studied by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. It is expected to hold some answers to anti-cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory and other treatments.

Karin says that people might consider the suppression of the backup system as well (IL-1β). This would avoid overproduction of neutrophil. However, that would be extremely risky as it would render the mice extremely vulnerable to bacterial infection.

The discovery of our immune system backup approach is a remarkable finding brought forward by UC Sand Diego Researchers. However, scientists have to delve further into the mechanisms of the innate and backup immune system. This is likely going to help us to better comprehend how new drugs can be developed to treat inflammatory diseases.

Source: Science Daily

Anti Aging, Health And Aging

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These very cells are surrounded by laws of physics and energy rather than genes. It is interesting to notice that we can practically modify our genes by simple changing our diet and environment. These ostensible changes in lifestyle can benefit our as well as future generations in terms of better health.

Our body is complex, and it is hard to comprehend how our cells react to perception, thought and feelings. It can be said that personal empowerment accounts for how we appear, feel and even how long we will live. The presence of hereditary diseases is relatively much lower than we think. Only 5 percent of cardiovascular disease and cancer are hereditary.

In a popular book entitled: Biology of Belief, Dr. Bruch H. Lipton gives a full-fledge account on the fundamentals of human biology. He says that the notion pinpointing genes to influence our life is a fallacy, and genes aren’t activated or deactivated by coincidence. The mind is responsible for how gene operates within our bio-chemistry.

For instance, if a cell is dying, it is best to analyze the cell environment instead of the cell itself for the cause (s). A health environment would support the cell to function properly. In biology a change in the environment is connected to our DNA, RNA and the final results is the extraction of a protein.

Analogue of the Human Body to a Personal Computer

According to Dr. Lipton Cell’s membrane is what really influences cellular life. So to comprehend biological mechanisms it is fundamental to delve into the membrane. – In other words, how your body instigates environmental signals that lead to various behaviours and thoughts.

The Cell membrane can be compared to a Silicon chip found in a computer. We can thus project the possibility to programme cells. Another interesting point is that we are all programmers, consciously or unconsciously. Our cell nucleus is as a memory disk, which has the necessary DNA programs to produce proteins controlling our biochemistry.

Our cell receptors are like the keyboard. They allow data to be entered into the membrane’s effector proteins. This comparatively represents our Cell’s Central Processing Unit (The CPU of a computer). The environmental information is through the cell receptors passed to the CPU to produce behaviours. We can very easily change or modify the data, which is injected into our bio-computer. It is all about inputs of thoughts akin to typing on a keyboard.

We shouldn’t ignore that our mind has various subdivisions like the conscious and unconscious areas. The conscious mind can easily be influenced while the subconscious mind is rather a storage of learned experiences or instincts, which trigger similar attitude to common happenings. Like for example, a sudden noise can trigger fear amidst people.

However, our self-conscious mind is ingeniously strong. We are able to change behaviour by consciously programming new reactions. These programmed reactions can be derived from practically anything. For instance, if we adjourn to perceptions by others as being ‘true’ then their perception will be stored in our brain and become sub-conscious memories. If these thoughts are wrong, these programmed misperceptions integrated into our subconscious mind. These learnt experiences will limit our behaviours and can lead to negative environmental signals.

People must learn to harness the power to override the subconscious mind with the conscious one. This is the only way to derive free will over our biology.

What Dr. Lipton is trying to convey is that thoughts influence our biology.

In medicine the placebo effect is related to the belief or perception effect, denoted in the explanation. For instance, a study on Arthritic knees found that patient receiving surgery as well as for those receiving fake surgeries (placebo effect) was equally cured. Another study for six popular antidepressant demonstrated that sugar pills were equally effective. These are only a few examples to mention how belief influences our biology.

When positive thoughts improve our health it is called the placebo effect. On the other hand, when negative thoughts cause destruction to our health, it is called nocebo effect. A Doctor has the power to instigate both the nocebo and the placebo effects simply through words. In simple terms, when a doctor communicates with a patient it influences the patient’s thoughts and equally his/her chance to recover.

When a message (in words) is decrypted and reach our cells, the result can be joy, happiness, love, sadness and other emotional states. The Biology of Belief explains how people can change restriction and be cured simply through the power of our conscious mind.

Source: Maximum Life Foundation: David Kekich

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The research offers the first direct proof that blueberries can assist in the prevention of dangerous lesions or plaques, symptomatic of atherosclerosis, from growing in size in arteries. Xianli Wu, the main investigator, who is based in Little Rock, Ark., along with the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center in addition to the the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, directed the investigation. A report on the findings can be found in the recent issue of the Journal of Nutrition.

Atherosclerosis is known as being the principal cause of the two kinds of cardiovascular disease, namely, heart attacks and strokes. Cardiovascular disease is among the number one killers among Americans.

The study did a comparison of the area, or size, of atherosclerotic lesions among thirty young laboratory mice. Fifty percent of the animals were fed diets which were spiked with freeze-dried blueberry powder for some twenty weeks; the diet of the remaining mice did not consist of berry powder.

The lesion size, which was measured on locations on aorta (arteries leading from the heart), was thirty-nine and fifty-eight percent less than that of lesions in mice whose diet did not comprised of blueberry powder.

Previous studies which were conducted elsewhere have proposed that consuming blueberries may assist in combating cardiovascular disease. However, in accordance to Wu, no direct proof of that effect has ever been presented previously.

The diet which was spiked with blueberry contained one percent blueberry powder, the corresponding amount of around a half-cup of fresh blueberries.

Every single mouse that was investigated had a deficiency in apolipoprotein-E, a trait which makes them highly vulnerable to forming atherosclerotic lesions and consequently an outstanding model for nutrition and biomedical research.

Wu’s group intends to establish the mechanism or mechanisms through which blueberries facilitate the control of the lesion size. For instance, by increasing the activity of four antioxidant enzymes, the blueberries may have brought a reduction in the oxidative stress. The latter is known to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis.

In the follow-up researches, Wu’s group, the group wants to conclude whether the consumption of blueberries in infancy, childhood and young adulthood would help in the protection against the onset and development of atherosclerosis in later on.

The early prevention may be crucial especially in light of the nation’s epidemic obesity amongst children. Overweight as well as obesity raises the risk of atherosclerosis.

Source: E-Science News and Imminst.org

Anti Aging, Bioscience

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Dr. Dennis Gross a well reputed Skincare advisor pinpoints five commonly unnoticed factors that negatively affects our skin and causes early aging.

1. Contact Lens Prescription/ Outdated Glasses
Squinting is bad for the skin encircling the eye area. This means that anything that makes you squint like having outdated glasses lens prescription or reading in a dark room will cause wrinkles to the skin near your eye.

2. Steam Rooms
Exposure to steam in sauna rooms might be tremendously relaxing, but it does, however, negatively affect your skin. When the body is exposed to heated steam the skin’s elastin as well as collagen starts to decompose.

3. Intense Exercise – Running
Intense exercise such as running might contribute to a better heart. However, it causes fat pads to slide south and damage to elastin and collagen of the skin. It is better to walk sometimes than to run. This is why there exists face bra for jogging.

4. Tap Water
In tap water, there is often a high density of Chlorine, which can cause dryness and irritation as it removes natural oils from the skin. This is certainly the case during the winter when the atmosphere is less humid – does unable to compensate for the lack of natural oil in our skin. So if you buy a showerhead that has a water filter, then you are likely to have fewer dry patches on your skin as the showerhead will filter some of the chlorine.

5. Lack of Sleep – Accelerate Aging
Sleep is the key for beauty and health. The cumulative effect of chronic sleep deprivation is long-term skin deterioration. Lack of sleep causes stresses to the body and your skin which leads to the production of free radicals. So if you sleep less you will appear old at an earlier age.

These are five hurdles that cause beautiful skin to age so they should be observed. However, if your passion is running then you shouldn’t leave it behind, simply try to focus on the other issues such as making a small visit to the eye doctor (optometrist).

Source: Yahoo (Shine)

Anti Aging, Health And Aging

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The second part of the study did primarily focus on how national health systems play a fundamental role in evolving global health, said, Julio Frenk, Dean of Harvard School of Public Health.

According to Frenk, positive facts were revealed; global health communities in national health systems are demonstrating a heightening interest. During the recent years funding for world health has been rising steadily. So Frenk, suggests that strengthening national health systems are basic for progress but not the only prerequisite.

Frenk enumerated a list of factors that could support and even accelerate the enhancement of the performance of national health systems. The acronym LIST enclosed the determinant for such a progress.

LIST stands for:

1. Leadership – According to Frenk Without leaders the best systems are liable to fail.
2. Institutions – Long-term investments must be planned but are often faced with short-term pressures making the formation of solid institution hard.
3. Systems design – To assure a full coalition of resources such as knowledge, technology, finance and human.
4. Technologies – Progress in medical science is providing with new vaccines, drugs and treatments.

Source: Science Daily

Gerontology, Health And Aging

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It has now been more than ten years since scientists have believed that a diet that is low in calorie tends to lengthen the lives of many organisms, monkeys, fruit flies, yeast and may be human beings as well. However, the link may have as much to do with the smell as it does with the eating. For instance, in the year 2004, Cynthia Kenyon, a molecular geneticist from the University of California in San Francisco, found out that the removal of specific olfactory neurons blocks round worm’s sense of smelling as well as extends their lifespan. Moreover, a few years after, Scott Pletcher, a geneticist from the University of Michigan Medical School along with Gregg Roman, a biologist from the Baylor College of Medicine and their colleagues shortened the life of fruit flies by blowing the smell of live yeast-which is a tasty treat- in the direction of the fruit flies while they were on a diet.

Pletcher and his colleagues were of view that a particular odor was at work, however they did not know which one in question. During that time, other scientists had found a receptor in a group of neurons that allow the fruit flies to smell carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is responsible for signalling the presence of a fine meal of tasty yeast.

In order to verify if ever it was the carbon dioxide that was the key to shortening the dieting lives of the fruit flies, Pletcher and Roman got hold of mutant flies that did not have the CO2 receptor. They discovered that the mutant flies were able to live up to 30 percent more than normal flies even when they were put on a standard diet.

Afterwards Pletcher and Roman provoked the neurons that sense carbon dioxide to self-destruct and were confronted with similar life-extending outcomes. Ultimately, when the gene for the CO2 receptor was restored back in the mutant flies, by the researchers, the flies did not enjoy a longer lifespan compared to their normal cousins.

It is noteworthy that the mutant flies that were unable to smell carbon dioxide not only benefited from a long life but they moreover remained resilient and strong by various measures. For instance, according to what the researchers have reported in PLoS Biology, the mutant flies were able to store more fat. This is a crucial to promote a psychological state which helps the flies to fight against stress. Furthermore the number of offspring that the female flies were able to produce was no less than the normal flies.

According to the authors, by blocking the perception of CO2, the animals are tricked to believe that there is no food in the surrounding. As a result, their metabolism is slowed down and they react by conserving their nutritional supplies similarly to the way hungry animals do.

Tadeusz Kawecki, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, finds that the result is a very exciting one. He explains that if the physiology and metabolism can be changed by specific odors, then drugs which are capable of blocking certain odros could also changer the physiology and metabolism in human beings. This as a consequence could assist in the preventing diseases or prolonging lives. This idea may seem improbable at this stage; however it definitely works in the case of flies.

Source: Science Magazine

Anti Aging, Bioscience, Gerontology, Health And Aging

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Particular immune cells known as T cells are responsible to combat infection as well as protect one from cancer. However, these cells must be aware of the threat in order to eliminate it. Another group of cells known as dendritic cells inform T cells about infected and/or damaged cells. The T cells will thereafter evaluate whether these foreign pieces need to be removed. If the T cells find a need for removal of these infected cells, then it will reproduce an army of clones so as to hunt down infected cells present in the body.

The human body is a complex and large puzzle. Scientists have since long been thinking whether T cells have other receptors. Some studies conducted on the gut propose that dendritic cells discharge a particular chemical that helped the T cells to find particular regions in the intestine.

Many scientists have been eager to find whether something similar occurs to our skin. Eugene Butcher, an immunologist of Stanford University together with her colleagues found some stunning information. It was found that skin cells required sunlight to create a “static” form of vitamin D. Since long, scientists and biologists have believed that vitamin D derived from sunlight to be active and utilizable for the body. It appeared that the vitamin D had to be processed by the liver and kidney.

However, Butcher’s team demonstrated that this same process could be accomplished through dendritic cells present in the skin. They permitted the inertia vitamin D to reach T cells. This boosted a mechanism that led to the production of specific skin chemokines receptors. More elaborately, modified T cells assure that the outer layer of the skin is protected. They eliminated defected and infected cells, this was reported in a previous issue of Nature Immunology.

According to Butcher, not much sunlight is required for the process to be initiated. The research concludes that the sun is good for our skin. A moderate amount of sunlight will give the body enough vitamin D required. Nonetheless, extensive exposure to the sun puts one at the peril of skin cancer.

According to Chantal Mathieu, from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, the research was very important. There have been various studies showing hints of this mechanism but no singly study did successfully make any sense out of it.

Source: Science Magazine

Anti Aging, Bioscience

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