In accordance to scientists, there now exist a test that can genetically predict if a person will be able to reach his 100th birthday.

Researchers of Yale University and Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Boston Medical Center, IRCCS Multimedica found in Milan in Italy had undertaken this study. This research claims that, based on the age of the subject, it is able to forecast an outstanding lifespan with up to 80% of accuracy.

According to this research, centenarians are role models of aging healthily, for the start of disability in such persons is in most cases delayed till they have reached their mid-90s.

Due to the fact that an extraordinary prolonged lifespan can run powerfully in families as well as because several studies on animals have implied that strong genes have an impact on an extended lifespan, the scientists embark on their journey to establish which are those genetic variants that have a strong role to play in man survival after his 100 years.

The research discovered that subjects who had common profile of deviation for genetic markers seem to share comparable degrees of threat for different traits or illnesses linked with outstanding longevity.

Individuals sharing such genetic characteristics may look forward to enjoy longer lives. The research may moreover provide an explanation as to why living more than 100 years old seems to run in the blood.

The findings of this study are the amended version of the work that was initially published the previous year in Science. The first version was withdrawn voluntarily. The most recent version comprises of data from very old individuals, with a mean age of 107.

An associate professor of medicine, Thomas Perls, of the Boston University School of Medicine, portrayed the results of the study as being a constructive move towards significant predictive medicine as well as personal genomics.

He advanced that when researchers are able to so this type of analysis on a complete genome series for traits which have considerable genetic mechanisms, the predictive significance should be much more.

Dr Perls went on to say that more in-depth research regarding such genetic traits could provide a profound understanding of the biological and genetic sources of postponing or avoiding age-related illnesses and thus attaining an extended lifespan.

This novel methodology regarding genetic data is applicable to several other complicated inherited characteristics. Researchers are now hoping that other research teams to apply these approaches to their fact and figures.

Source: New Zealand Herald

Anti Aging, Gerontology, Health And Aging, Longevity

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Human immortality is currently only a science fiction, and if you were born in the 17th century, than it would be just a fairy tale, as the average life expectancy at that time was only 35 years. Now, the average life-expectancy for a U.S citizen is 78.6 years. In two centuries, the life expectancy has increased more than 100 percent. If this happened concurrently, people would live indefinitely in the near future.

There are different groups of scientists and gerontologists who believe that there is a limit to the potential extension of human lifespan. They say that it is somewhere around 125 years. However, others see the future quite optimistic – a world where centenarians will be walking around with people who are 500 to 1,000 years old The main hinder for an indefinite human lifespan is aging diseases such as cancer, heart disease and dementia. So currently, scientists are focusing on comprehending how to stop the aging process, and how to repair the typical wear and tear occurring in our body.

Scientists have already discovered some proven methods to increase lifespan. For instance, calorie-restriction has successfully increased the lifespan of a few creatures. The calorie restricted diet, consist of lowering calorie consumption by 30 percent and thereafter increasing intake of nutrients. For humans, this diet and eating pattern seem to be very difficult to maintain. So scientists are now trying to properly comprehend the underlining reason why calorie restriction really helps to increase lifespan. Conceiving the pathways could give rise to a potential pill to mimic the effect of the calorie restricted diet.

The advent of new generation of anti-aging pills could help to reduce free radicals; molecules causing accumulative damage to the body. Amidst other potential solutions, resveratrol, which can be found in red wine, acts an ingredient to delay aging through a genetic pathway. Other scientists believe that telomerase, an enzyme which provides protective caps (telomere) to our DNA, holds the secret to human longevity.

There are also thousands of people injecting human growth hormones to try to counteract against the fatal aging process. A train people try their best to miss.

Yet, the challenge of realizing an anti-aging pill is enormous, an experiment that takes a few decades on mice and other animals take roughly 80 years on humans. So any drug to cure aging is decades away from now

Ray Kurzweil, doesn’t want to wait for a 100 years to live longer. According to his so called ‘Singularity’ theory humans and machine will merge together and become one by 2045. Blood and flesh aren’t the strongest material for longevity. If the singularity isn’t going to be realized than other futurists are suggesting the computer back0up system where our brain can be saved into a computer system.

There is a whole legacy of longevity theories and researches conducted, so that we can one day life forever. If we are unable to live until technology permits us to live forever, we can always freeze (cryonize) our body, for future use.

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Anti Aging, Immortality, Longevity

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Is it really possible – Dog 182 years old?

We all know that one human year is equivalent to seven dog years but is it really possible to live to 182 years. Based on reasonable evaluation of gerontology research, we could estimate the real lifespan of Pusuke to have been 100 to 110 years old

for dogs, the physiological and chronological age doesn’t follow a linear relationship. Apparently, young dogs tend to age very fast, while the rate of aging does thereafter slow down in middle age. In late life, the aging process re-accelerates, as for instant:

- A Miniature Poodle is after one calendar year equivalent to 11 dog years old
- A Miniature Poodle is 42 dogs years at middle age, while 14 human years is equivalent to 67 years
- For Great Danes – with shorter lifespan – after one calendar year the dog is 27 years
- Great Danes at 7 years is equivalent to 59 dog years and at 14 years, 98 dog years.

Longevity of Dogs

For mammals such as dogs, their longevity is influenced by various factors such as body weight and breed. Small dogs tend to outlive bigger dogs. This shows that there is an inverse relation between longevity and body weight. This is something that applies uniquely for dogs, as for other mammals the contrary applies.

Researchers Forgot the Cat!

There is less research available on cat age in association to human age. But a Siamese cat is believed to have lived up to 23 years.

Related Articles:

1. Your Dog’s Lifespan Is Determined by Its Personality
2. What Can Human Beings Learn From Dogs Regarding Longevity?

Source: WEB MD

Bioscience, Gerontology

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Recently, a group of research from University of Pittsburgh confirmed that they had found the secret behind a rodent’s fountain of youth.

In the University, there is a colony of progeria mice; mice which have been infected with a rare disease, inducing them to die from old age after 21 days. Yet, when the researcher group took these progeria mice, which were just about to die and injected them with stem cells taken from younger and healthier cousins the dying mice recovered and stayed alive for an addition 2 to 4 weeks.

Dr. Laura Niedernhofer, lead research said that the size and lifespan of these progeria mice could be triple through this method.

It is more than a century that researchers have been using mice for medical experiments. The mice used nowadays are tweaked and engineered, sharing blood, livers as well as brain tissues of other groups of species. The Pittsburgh progeria mice are, however, quite different from human and will probably not provide an immediate answer on how to increase human longevity.

Even so, engineered or so called re-made rodents are increasingly becoming alike to human; the disparity between man and mouse are slowly vanishing. Not only are the differences fading but researchers do nowadays even have a deeper knowledge of rodents than human and any other creature found on earth. For research, rodents are indispensable.

Some History: Mice & Laboratory Research

Ostensibly, the first vaccination against cancer was done on a mouse. In addition, mice do already have treatments for baldness as well as capsules to save them from Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, mouse is the only animal to have been involved in hoverboard-style levitation as well, they have had their brain simulated in a computer. They were even the first non-human mammal to have had their whole genome mapped.

Everything began in 1902, when a scientist named William Castle, brought pet mice to the Harvard Genetics Laboratory, and now rodents have been the back-bone of almost all the key drug treatments as well as medical procedures used in modern medical care. According to Dr. Janet Rossant, who is the senior scientist as well as chief research at Tornoto’s SickKids Research Institute, almost all the major drugs marketed today have been the result of mouse models in developing drugs.

Statistics are surprising; in 2010, a total of 1,132,706 mice had been killed in Canadian laboratories. In any year, mice make up to 50 percent of the animals used in laboratories, and the second most commonly used animal is rats.

There are strong similarities between humans and mice. They both have immune system, circulatory systems and skeletons. In addition, mice and human can suffer from similar health predicaments such as diabetes, cancer, heart diseases, and with some minor genetic modification, mice suffer even from Alzheimer’s disease and cystic fibrosis. In laboratory terms, using mice makes sense; they are cheap, have a lifespan of 12 weeks and are easy to maintain. In other words, in the term of a single semester, several studies can be completed.

According to Dr. Michele Martin, who is a veterinary director at the University of Victoria, apparently ‘almost any disease’ you can find you will come to know that there is ‘a mouse model’ that has been used to ‘describe it’.

In 1929, the Lab Mouse Pioneer C.C. Little, Jackson Laboratory was founded, which is today’s leading supplier of so called genetically modified mice. There are more than 5,000 different strains of mice in the laboratory. The cost for a classic ‘dilute brown’ mouse, which is the oldest in the catalogue is roughly $30 a piece. It was first developed in 1909.

In the beginning mice were changed in the same way as dog breeders had changed wolves into Chihuahuas; selective inbreeding. However, in the 1980s, genetic engineering was available and since then it has been much easier to tweak and create customized mice.

In 2002, the first non-human animal, the rodent had its whole genome mapped. The mice had 99% of its gene shared with humans. This gave rise to a whole new agenda of scientific research.

In modern research, mice are no longer kept in wire-bottom cages; they are placed in large collective cages. This makes the mice happier and for research, it is better to have normal animals involved in research for more accurate results.

From 2000 to 2009, the number of mice euthanized in Canadian Laboratory experiments amounted to 10 million, which are equivalent to 3,000 mice per day.

Universities in China, Korea and Japan have an annual memorial day every year to serve homage to all animals that have been killed in research as well as experiments. The ceremony is a way for research communities to show their indebtedness to laboratory animals; as today almost every pill bottle sold in pharmacy across the globe are the result of thousands of mice.

In 1929, penicillin was first discovered, but it was only in 1940 that Oxford University could understand how penicillin worked, and it was thanks to research conducted on mice. Similarly, meningitis as well as polio vaccines are mainly a result of the lab mice.

According to Dr. Rossant, mice are ‘very, very powerful systems’ to comprehend the distinct pathways of severe diseases. Yet, lab mice are not perfect. There is a dozen of cures available for cancer which works on mice but not yet on humans. In addition, Thalidomide is a drug that caused defects to almost 10,000 children, noting that it had no negative effects on mice.

The degenerative disease, ALS, which Stephen Hawking, the theoretical physicist suffers from have various rodent-based therapies – yet – the 70 years-scientist will probably not live long enough to see the therapy available for humans.

In the 100 years that mice have been used for research, the aim has always been to change the rodent into a so called tiny human being. Nowadays, rodents have human blood, humne immune system, human organs, and they even have the bad human traits such as violence, alcoholism, drug addiction as well as gluttony.

In December 2011, the U.S Based national Institute of Health, reduced funding for additional research on chimpanzees as a progressive step to prevent research on chimpanzee. Chimps have been considered to human to have laboratory experiments justified. Several countries around the world have mirrored the widespread discontent of chimpanzee research through the so called ‘save Gabon’

Yet, mice are increasingly becoming like human, as the engineered mice aren’t really as the traditional mice.

Source: national Post

Anti Aging, Bioscience, Stem cells

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Telomeres gives DNA sequences present at the end of chromosomes a protection to sustain cell viability, and also to avoid different chromosomes to mess-up. Several studies have been carried out to comprehend the relation between typical aging and telomere decline. However, no clear evidence has been revealed on humans.

Longevity studies relying on telomere length has commonly been scrutinized only against one to two hallmarks being the lifespan itself of an individual. From University of Glasgow, in UK, ecologist Pat Monaghan and his team found that continuous evaluation of telomere length of zebra Finch’s lifespan clearly showed that the length of telomere were a strong indicator of the lifespan of the bird. The most accurate measures were revealed as per those taken on birds being only 25 days old. The study was recently published in: Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.

At the Spanish, national Cancer Research Centre in Madrid, María Blasco says that understanding the importance of telomere length as an indicator of longevity is very important. Basco wasn’t involved in the study but as a Chief Scientific Adviser for a Madrid-based company, life length which advertises for their products; measuring telomere lengths as to find an individual’s ‘biological age’

According to Monaghan, the study doesn’t say that you should go and have your telomeres measured. It will take quite some time makes sure that it has the same effect on long-lived species such as humans.

Early Studies, have constantly linked telomere shortening to accelerated ageing as well as diseases such as Dyskeratosis Congenita. However, researchers have been unable to fully link how telomere length affects normal aging. According to Monaghan, previous studies had the weakness that samples were mainly taken from only one individual rather than periodical samples.

Monaghan selected the Zebra finch which is a small Australian bird with a lifespan in captivity of nine years. The relatively short lifespan of the bird made it possible to have astounding results within a single decade. As for human, a similar study would take decades to complete. Although that mouse has an even shorter lifespan, they aren’t really comparable to humans as species with shorter lifespan doesn’t have sophisticated body maintenance mechanisms.

In the study of the Australian birds, a total of 99 zebra finches was included. The finding concluded that longer telomeres were associated with longer lifespan. Apparently, the link was the strongest for birds who were only 25 days – at 25 days a Zebra Finch is almost fully grown – but reliant on their parents for food. However, for humans, it is difficult to find the comparative age.

Monaghan’s team is now trying to determine the reason why the longest telomere at only 25 days does show a more accurate indication of longevity. Is it inheritance or environmental factors, which influence the length of the telomeres? It has been noted that stress tend to fasten the shortening of telomeres.

According to Baird, the fact that telomere length is linked to longevity doesn’t mean that telomeres are the drivers for the aging process. Telomere might simply be a marketer for cellular aging. There are other factors such as weight of the birds that need to be analyzed, to comprehend how other determinants are also influencing lifespan.

Sources: Nature, PNAS PDF and PNAS

Bioscience, Gerontology, Longevity

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Results conducted on fruit flies have been positive. However, whether these results are applicable to long lived species such as humans is still under scrutiny. Let’s first have a better understanding of the fruit flies. It is specie, which has a tremendously short lifespan; from being an egg to become an adult takes only 7 days. The short lifespan of fruit flies have made them a standard prototype of longevity research both for physiology and genetics studies.

A dedicated research team from The University of California, Los Angeles and Salk Institute for Biological studies altered the genes of the intestinal stem cells of the fruit fly (Drosophila Melanogaster). These cells are called dPGC-1, a cell structure present in human’s DNA under the name of PGC-1. The change induced the fruit flies’ intestine with slower aging, and therefore, they enjoyed a 50 percent longer lifespan.

For both mammals and flies, PGC-1 gene cells are responsible for the control of various mitochondria presents in animal’s cells. The mitochondria is considered as being the power plant, as it is where fats and sugar from food are turned into energy used for cellular performance. Earlier studies had shown that calorie-restriction provided animals with more mitochondria. So the scientists made a test to understand what would happen if PGC-1 were given an even higher excess of mitochondria.

Genetic engineering methods were used to make the Fruit flies’ PGC-1 gene alike to organisms that were under calorie restriction diets. In other words, the volume of mitochondria and energy in cells were increased. The effect after increasing the speed of the stem and progenitor cells of the fruit flies’ intestine was that the intestinal tissues experienced a better response mechanism and therefore, cells became healthier as well as the fruit flies lived longer.

In correlation to the level of genetic engineering induced to the fruit flies, their lifespan was extended by 20 to 50 percent in comparison to a normal fruit fly.

The scientists suggest that the PGC-1 can act as a potential biological tool to delay aging, and it would be possible to develop drug and therapies targeting this age-brake. According to, the team, the theory is that when dPGC-1 was boosted with mitochondria, the stem cell was stimulated to energize intestinal tissues and therefore, ensuring healthier intestines for the fruit flies.

According to Leanne Jones who is an associate professor at Salk’s laboratory of Genetics as well as the lead researcher of the project, delaying aging of crucial single organ such as for the current experiment the intestine can have significant benefits on overall longevity and health. For example, in case of disease, it might be essential to emphasis on having particular organs healthy and in this case, PGC-1 might be the pathway.

The complete research is available in November’s Cell Metabolism and at University of California, Los Angles and Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Source: Gizmag, Salk Institute, Cell Metabolism and University of California.

Bioscience, Health And Aging, Stem cells

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For instance, HSCs that are present in adult mammals’ bone marrow does produce all the blood cells in our body. So unveiling the secret of the origin of these cells provide an advance understanding in how embryonic stem cells can be better used to produce new blood cells, which can be utilized for blood therapies.

Speck does also act as an Investigator for the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Penn. This study was recently released in the Cell Stem Cell.

According to speck, the main aim of stem-cell therapies is to inject stem cells into particular cell lineage to either substitute dead or diseased cells present both in children and adult humans. However, to be able to make this a reality, it is essential to comprehend how cells differentiate as an embryo.

In earlier studies, it was said that HSCs was derived from a minor population of cells lining blood vessels known as endothelial cells. Yet, it has been unexplained how endothelial cells could change to blood stem cells such as HSCs.

There are various stages that the embryo undergoes in the process of transiting to blood-cells. The first stage is the provision of a source of oxygen to the embryo, and the last stage is the final development of HSCs which will be present in adult bone marrow. The first phase of creating progenitors such as induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells has successfully been done in laboratories. However, all effort and attempt to generate hematopoietic stem cells as been fruitless.

According to Speck, it is essential to understand the origin of HSCs, in order to be able to generate hematopoietic stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic cells.

This current study has helped haematologist to go one step ahead. Biologists are now able to produce blood cells from typical endothelial cells. These cells can equally be controlled in the embryo. However, HSCs can only be produced from particular endothelial cells. There were unique markers used to understand the sequence of how to produce HSCs. A marker, known as Ly6a when induced to endothelial cells generated HSCs while if not used other distinct waves of blood cells were produced in the first stage.

This recent discovery will support progress in research of HSCs, and this will be important in delivering effective stem-cell therapies to patients with leukemia (patients who are unable to identify appropriate donors will be able to produce HSCs from their own cells). It would also be suitable for patients with blood cancer who could have blood cells replaced with stem-cell therapies.

The research carried out by Nancy Speck, PhD, professor’s team was funded by the National Lung, Blood and heart Institute.

Source: Science Daily

Bioscience, Stem cells

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According to Dr. Michael Roizen, U.S President age twice as fast as typical American men. Roizen is sure about his finding, as a top graduated student in his UC San Francisco Medical School class as well at Harvard Hospital. He has also edited six medical journals and do actually occupy the post as chairmen at the Well Institute at the prestigious Cleveland Clinic.

Most of his calculations are explained on the site he founded together with Dr. Mehmet Oz; RealAge (www.realage.com). ndar year isn’t always tantamount to the annual wear and tear of all human bodies. For example, Dr. Roizen is currently 65 years based on the calendar year. However, RealAge estimates his age to be 43.8 (Dec, 2011)

Roizen applied the same mental models used to estimate his age to that of the 20th century presidents (Including George W. Bush as well as President Obama’s Inauguration). In an interview with ‘CNN’, he said that an individual does in generally age one year in a calendar year. Yet, a president tends to age two years for every single year that they occupy the office.

The fact that presidents are faced with an accelerated aging process was mentioned again in CBS News on Obama’s 50th birthday in August 2011..

Professor S. Jay Olshansky who is a sociologist from the University of Illinois at Chicago’s school of Public Health as well as well-known research from the University of Chicago’s Center of Aging found these publications interesting. Olshansky is currently researching limits of human longevity, in line with policy as well as health consequences.

So Olshansky reviewed the information provided by Roizen and provided a new evaluation of how fast presidents really age in America.

In order to establish an accurate set of date, he found the age of the presidents on the day of inauguration to the office. Then evaluate the aging schedule up to the cause of death. Of course, presidents who were killed were not taking into consideration in the study. On the basis of the age at inauguration to the office, the ‘life tables provided from the Social Security Administration’ was used to estimate the remaining life expectancy of presidents. Example for president, who served the office in the period 1700 as well as 1800s, the French Human Mortality Database was used as no particular records were available for U.S at that time. However, he altered the life expectancy figures for presidents by removing two days of the potential remaining lifespan of the presidents as per every one day spent in the White House.

There were 34 presidents who actually deceased from natural causes. Out of the 34, 23 of the presidents lived longer than the altered life expectancy (alteration accounting for accelerated aging). The average age at death was 67 years base on calculation while, in reality, the average lifespan was 78 years. Yet 11 presidents died earlier than the average life-expectancy of 67.8 years they died at the age of 62.1 years.

The whole study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Associate

Olshansky noted that 60 percent of the U.S presidents lived longer than was expected. In addition, most of the presidents alive today had already or were likely to live beyond the predicted lifespan.

According to Olshansky, there are two particular reasons, which can explain why U.S presidents live longer than their estimated longevity:

1. To become president, all the men in the study had already lived the most dangerous years of life.

2. All except 10 presidents have other factors contributing longevity such as wealth, college education and access to quality medical care.

As a conclusion, Orshansky said that the greying of hair and the appearance of wrinkles on the skin of Presidents is simply something that comes with aging. This study suggests that presidents do only appear to age faster as they do not necessary experience a shorter life.

Source: La Times

Anti Aging, Gerontology, Lifestyle

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So does multi-vitamin really increase longevity? This is a still a debatable area and various studies produce different results.

In a review published in, ‘The New York Times’ in 2009 found after comparing various researches that supplement or vitamins did neither prevent chronic disease nor extend human lifespan.

A ‘Copenhagen University study’ which reviewed 815 different clinical trials related to the advantages of Vitamins A, E, and C, selenium and beta-carotene found no real benefits of taking such supplements. The research revealed that consuming these vitamins tended to raise the risk of death rather than longevity.

In addition, on a site called ‘Insider-medicine’ a study of a meta-analysis of 67 randomly selected clinical trials with above 200,000 participants suggested that consuming vitamins had no conclusive benefit to longevity.

Fascinating as it is, studies that are financed by pharmaceutical companies tend to reveal only the positive side of supplements and vitamins. In other words, those studies are or only good for the readers and not the users.

The fact that several studies report the same conclusion; supplements do not necessary promote longevity, gives us a doubtful trust on vitamins. Furthermore, there is a wide range of recognised institution that claims that supplements have only a minor positive effect. This makes us confused as it is contrary to our common belief.

So Does Vitamin Only Deplete Our Bank Balance?

On general people spend $75 a month of supplements and vitamins. However, this might end up being a waste of money. So why not reduce spending to $50 and the accumulative cash saving will be as much as $22k in 25 years. Instead of having consuming vitamin to live longer, save some of the money, and you will have a nice retirement pension.

There is a general belief that poor diets can be replaced with high intake of vitamins. However, the only solution to poor diets seems to be a good diet. People should consume vegetables, lean protein, fats and fresh fruits.

Nevertheless, the fact that some studies say that vitamins and supplements aren’t good for longevity doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t consume them for medical conditions. For instance, men suffering from prostate cancer should consume various vitamins. A generalist is likely going to suggest some vitamins with some new lifestyle activities.

In America, the annual expenditure on vitamins and supplements is $23 billion.

Source: CBS News

Anti Aging, Longevity

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The elixir of youth is being developed in various labs. One of the potential secrets of the fountain of youth might be revealed from the roundworm.

An organism, as small as a comma, is being scrutinized from various angles by a bio-chemist Cynthia Kenyon and her team. They have found that a mixture of rare genes tend to delay the aging of this same organism.

The director of the Hillblom, Center for the Biology of Aging, Kenyon gave a fruitful presentation of her research on how to extend youth, at TED Global 2011 (Held in Edinburg -Scotland)

The roundworm is very popular in aging research as it gets old and wrinkled in only 10 days, while in two weeks they are already gone. However, Kenyon was able to increase the lifespan of the roundworm six-fold by altering the worm’s DNA daf-2 gene.

The mutated roundworm, (mutated of the daf-2 gene) experienced delayed aging. In the beginning, the worm aged 100 percent slower than a typical worm; in other words, it took the mutated worm 2 days to have the same aging effect that a normal worm would experience in one day.

Kenyon said to the ABC News that something that was considered impossible had been done. Worms that were supposed to be dead weeks ago are still alive. They are even moving as young worms.

In the laboratory, roundworms that were considered as being 90 human years appeared to be as vital as 30 years. According to Kenyon, this remarkable progress in engineering of mutation provides significant insight into anti-aging research.

Kenyon emphasized in her TED speech that, in the world around us; different species of animals have varied lifespan. For example, turtle specie known as Blanding turtles show the art of aging slowly. We can find turtles of the kind being 70 years and 20 years, looking the same. It is almost impossible to demarcate the 50 years of difference.

According to Kenyon’s research, the daf-2 gene might have similar effect on the longevity of humans. A research carried out showed that people living above 100 years where more likely to have a mutation of this same gene in comparison to those who die earlier. However, more research needs to be done to validate the information.

Kenyon even mentioned that in 15 years from now, a youth-boosting drug might already be released on the market.

Full Video From TED

Cynthia Kenyon: Experiments that hint of longer lives

Source: ABC News and TED

Anti Aging, Bioscience, Longevity

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